Quick advice from all UK governments is needed for beef farmers who are keen to reduce production costs and raise efficiency by carrying the most appropriate types, and number, of cattle on their land.

So says the National Beef Association which is aware of just how many lowland and upland suckled calf breeders are examining the pros and cons of establishing self-replacing herds or out-wintering spring calving cows but are still not sure of what they can, or cannot, do.

"No one wants to be suddenly served with a potentially expensive environmental red card but current deliberations are handicapped because neither farmers, nor government, are sure exactly which husbandry methods are considered environmentally sustainable and which are not," explained NBA policy advisor, Kim-marie Haywood.

"We have pointed out their dilemma to research specialists and while they appear prepared to initiate trials that will identify husbandry practices which minimise soil damage and other environmental impacts it will take at least five years, and probably more, for original research to nominate which is best."

According to the NBA this is too long and good advice, which will cut the risk of falling foul of government's long term soil management plans, must be given sooner.

"The core of the problem is that environmentalists love cattle in summer when their grazing contributes directly to habitat conservation but tend to challenge the practice of out-wintering due to possible soil and water contamination - even though it provides a considerable cost saving for the farmer," said Ms Haywood.

"Wintering cattle outside is better for the health of the animals and if the system is properly installed it will minimise affects on the environment. Advisors must consider the impact on both the environment and on welfare when providing counsel on wintering systems."

"Cross-compliance regulations are only a rough guide and do not cover some of the most important specifics."

"For example wood chip corrals appear to be a perfect solution for some from both the environmental and husbandry point of view because they allow all types of cattle to be wintered efficiently and effectively without soil poaching."

"However we are aware that there is disagreement among environmental specialist in different parts of the UK about whether they should get full approval."

"This is a good example of an area where quick decisions are needed. There is no such thing as a perfect cattle winter management system but those that are least damaging need to be encouraged otherwise there will not be enough cattle to do the full environmental job in summer," Mr Haywood added.